Kuki igipimo cya Prime ari ingenzi cyane mumitekerereze ya banki '?
10/10/2022
Inkomoko yikigereranyo cyambere
Mbere y’ihungabana rikomeye, igipimo cy’inguzanyo muri Amerika cyarekuwe, kandi buri banki yashyizeho igipimo cyayo cyo kuguriza hasuzumwe ikiguzi cy’amafaranga, amafaranga y’ingaruka, n’ibindi bintu.
Mu 1929, Amerika yinjiye mu Ihungabana rikomeye - uko ubukungu bw’Amerika bwifashe nabi, ubucuruzi bwafunze ari bwinshi, kandi amafaranga y’abaturage aragabanuka.
Niyo mpamvu, ubusumbane hagati y’itangwa n’ibisabwa by’igishoro bwagaragaye ku isoko, kandi umubare w’ubucuruzi bwizewe n’abahawe inguzanyo nziza wagabanutse vuba.Nyamara, urwego rwamabanki rwari rufite amafaranga asagutse kandi rukeneye gushaka aho rushora imari.
Mu rwego rwo kugumana ingano y’inguzanyo, amabanki amwe y’ubucuruzi yatangiye kugabanya nkana ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inguzanyo, amasosiyete amwe n'amwe adafite ubumenyi buke nayo yashyizwe mu itsinda ry’inguzanyo, amabanki yarushanwaga ku bakiriya ba sosiyete ndetse atangira no kugabanya inyungu ku nyungu.
Inyemezabuguzi za banki zavuyemo zatumye ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’imitungo idakora neza kuko amabanki afite iminyururu y’imari yacitse yahombye, bikarushaho kwiyongera.
Mu rwego rwo gukumira amarushanwa mabi hagati y’amabanki no kugenzura isoko ryo kuzigama no kuguriza, Banki nkuru y’igihugu yashyizeho ingamba nyinshi, imwe muri zo ikaba ari igipimo cy’inguzanyo cyambere - Igipimo cy’ibanze.
Iyi politiki ishyigikira gushyiraho igipimo kimwe cy’inyungu kugira ngo kibe inyungu ntoya ku nguzanyo, kandi amabanki agomba gutanga inguzanyo hejuru y’iki gipimo cyiza cyo gutanga inguzanyo kugira ngo isoko ryifashe neza.
Igipimo cyambere kibarwa gute?
Igipimo cy’inguzanyo (nyuma yiswe LPR), ni igipimo cy’inyungu amabanki y’ubucuruzi yishyuza inguzanyo ku bakiriya bayo bafite amanota menshi y’inguzanyo - aba baguriza inguzanyo benshi ni bamwe mu bigo binini.
Mu myaka ya za 1930, ku bushake bw'ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal, LPR yabazwe mu gupima amagambo 22-23 yavuzwe na banki 30 z'ubucuruzi zikomeye zo muri Amerika, zatoranijwe hakurikijwe amategeko agenga LPR y'isoko, kandi zisohoka buri gihe mu mpapuro z'ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal, kandi iyi Prime Rate yasohotse yagaragaje igipimo cyo hasi cyibiciro byose byinguzanyo ku isoko.
Uburyo bwo kumenya igipimo cya LPR bwahindutse mu myaka hafi mirongo inani: Mu ntangiriro, amabanki menshi yavuzeko igipimo cy’ingengo y’imari ya Leta (FFTR) igihe amabanki yari afite umudendezo mwinshi wo kugena igipimo cy’inyungu.
Mu 1994, ariko, Banki nkuru y’igihugu yemeye n’amabanki y’ubucuruzi ko LPR izafata ingamba zuzuye zo kugena igipimo cy’imari ya leta, aho formulaire ari Prime Rate = Ikigega cy’ingengo y’imari ya Leta + amanota 300.
Izi ngingo 300 zifatizo nigiciro giciriritse, bivuze ko gukwirakwizwa hagati yikigero cyambere n’igipimo cy’imari ya Leta yemerewe guhindagurika gato hejuru no munsi y’amanota 300.Mubihe byinshi kuva 1994, uku gukwirakwizwa kwabaye hagati y amanota 280 na 320.
Guhera mu mwaka wa 2008, kubera ko urwego rw’amabanki rwarushijeho kwibanda kandi banki nyinshi zikagenzurwa n’amabanki make, umubare w’amabanki yanditse kuri LPR wagabanutse ugera ku icumi, muri yo ibiciro bya LPR byatangajwe kuri Wall Street byahindutse igihe ibiciro by’ibanze y'amabanki arindwi 'yahindutse.
Hamwe nogushiraho ubu buryo bwo gusubiramo, banki zubucuruzi hafi ya zose zabuze ubwigenge muguhindura igipimo cyambere.
Kuki nakagombye kwita kubiciro byambere?
Igipimo cy’ibanze, cyasohowe n’ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal, ni igipimo cy’inyungu muri Amerika kandi gikoreshwa nk'igipimo fatizo n'amabanki arenga 70%.
Igipimo cyinyungu ku nguzanyo zabaguzi gisanzwe cyubatswe kuri iki gipimo cyambere, kandi mugihe iki gipimo gihindutse, abaguzi benshi nabo bazabona impinduka mubiciro byinyungu ku makarita yinguzanyo, inguzanyo zimodoka, nizindi nguzanyo zabaguzi.
Tumaze kuvuga ko kubara igipimo cy’ibanze gikomoka ku ntego z’ingengo y’imari ya Leta + amanota 300, naho “Ikigega cy’ingengo y’imari ya Leta” ni “Inyungu” za Federasiyo mu kuzamura ibiciro muri uyu mwaka.
Nyuma yuko Federasiyo yazamuye igipimo ku nshuro ya gatatu muri Nzeri amanota 75 y’ibanze, igipimo cy’ibanze cyazamutse kigera kuri 3% kigera kuri 3.25% kandi hiyongeraho 3% y’igiciro cy’ibanze ahanini ni cyo gipimo ntarengwa cyo kuguriza ku isoko.
Inkomoko yishusho: https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms
Ku wa kane, Freddie Mac yatangaje ko imyaka 30 yatanzweho inguzanyo ingana na 6.7% - birenze ibyo twagereranije ku gipimo cy’ibanze.
Ibarura ryavuzwe haruguru riraduha kandi kumva neza uburyo ingaruka zo kuzamuka kw'ibiciro zoherejwe vuba ku isoko ry'inguzanyo.
Impinduka ku gipimo cy’ibanze nazo zizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nguzanyo zimwe na zimwe zo mu rugo, nk’inguzanyo zishobora kugabanywa, zihindurwa buri mwaka, hamwe n’inguzanyo zo mu rugo (HELOCs), zifitanye isano n’igipimo cy’ibanze.
Tumaze gusobanukirwa n "ubuzima bwashize" bwikigero cyambere, biradufasha cyane kugenzura uko igipimo cy’inguzanyo cyifashe, kandi urebye politiki ya Federasiyo ikomeza yo kuzamura ibiciro, abagura amazu bakeneye inguzanyo bagomba gutangira hakiri kare kugirango birinde kubura igihe cyiza cyo kubona umutekano igipimo cyo hasi.
Itangazo: Iyi ngingo yahinduwe na AAA LENDINGS;amwe mumashusho yakuwe kuri enterineti, umwanya wurubuga ntuhagarariwe kandi ntushobora gusubirwamo nta ruhushya.Hariho ingaruka ku isoko kandi ishoramari rigomba kwitonda.Iyi ngingo ntabwo igizwe ninama zishoramari kugiti cye, kandi ntizita ku ntego zihariye zishoramari, uko ubukungu bwifashe cyangwa ibikenerwa nabakoresha kugiti cyabo.Abakoresha bagomba gusuzuma niba ibitekerezo, ibitekerezo cyangwa imyanzuro ikubiye hano ihuye nibibazo byabo.Shora ukurikije ingaruka zawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2022